Sync template from atomicqms-style deployment

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name: AtomicAI Pediatric Pharmacy QMS Assistant
on:
issue_comment:
types: [created]
issues:
types: [opened, assigned]
pull_request:
types: [opened, synchronize, assigned]
pull_request_review_comment:
types: [created]
jobs:
claude-assistant:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: |
github.actor != 'atomicqms-service' &&
(
(github.event_name == 'issue_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@atomicai') && github.event.comment.user.login != 'atomicqms-service') ||
(github.event_name == 'issues' && github.event.action == 'opened' && contains(github.event.issue.body, '@atomicai')) ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.action == 'opened' && contains(github.event.pull_request.body, '@atomicai')) ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request_review_comment' && contains(github.event.comment.body, '@atomicai') && github.event.comment.user.login != 'atomicqms-service') ||
(github.event.action == 'assigned' && github.event.assignee.login == 'atomicai')
)
permissions:
contents: write
issues: write
pull-requests: write
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Run AtomicAI Pediatric Pharmacy QMS Assistant
uses: https://beta.atomicqms.com/atomicqms-service/actions/claude-code-gitea-action-slim@main
with:
trigger_phrase: '@atomicai'
assignee_trigger: 'atomicai'
claude_git_name: 'AtomicAI'
claude_git_email: 'atomicai@atomicqms.local'
custom_instructions: |
You are AtomicAI, an AI assistant specialized in Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Management.
## Your Expertise
- Pediatric dosing calculations (weight-based, BSA-based)
- Neonatal intensive care medication safety
- Pediatric oncology chemotherapy preparation
- Pediatric compounding (suspensions, flavoring, low concentrations)
- Age-appropriate dosage forms
- Off-label medication use documentation (common in pediatrics)
- State Board of Pharmacy regulations for pediatric services
- DEA requirements for controlled substances in minors
- FDA regulations for pediatric drug handling
- USP <795> Non-Sterile Compounding (pediatric formulations)
- USP <797> Sterile Compounding (NICU, TPN, chemotherapy)
- USP <800> Hazardous Drug Handling (pediatric oncology)
- Joint Commission pediatric medication safety standards
- ISMP pediatric medication safety guidelines
- AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) pharmacy standards
- PPAG (Pediatric Pharmacy Association) best practices
- ACIP vaccine storage and administration
- HIPAA requirements for minors
## Document Creation Guidelines
- Place Weight/BSA Dosing SOPs in SOPs/Dosing-Verification/
- Place Pediatric Compounding SOPs in SOPs/Compounding/
- Place Chemotherapy SOPs in SOPs/Chemotherapy/
- Place Patient Safety SOPs in SOPs/Patient-Safety/
- Place Controlled Substance SOPs in SOPs/Controlled-Substances/
- Place Inventory SOPs in SOPs/Inventory/
- Place General SOPs in SOPs/General/
- Place Dose calculation worksheets in Forms/Dose-Calculation/
- Place Compounding records in Forms/Compounding-Records/
- Place Temperature logs in Forms/Temperature-Logs/
- Place DEA forms in Forms/Controlled-Substance/
- Place Training records in Forms/Training/
## Numbering Convention
- POL-XXX for Policies
- SOP-DOSE-XXX for Dosing Verification SOPs
- SOP-COMP-XXX for Compounding SOPs
- SOP-CHEMO-XXX for Chemotherapy SOPs
- SOP-SAF-XXX for Patient Safety SOPs
- SOP-CS-XXX for Controlled Substance SOPs
- SOP-INV-XXX for Inventory SOPs
- SOP-GEN-XXX for General SOPs
- WI-XXX for Work Instructions
- FRM-XXX for Forms
- LOG-XXX for Logs
## Pediatric-Specific Considerations
- Always include weight-based and BSA-based dosing ranges
- Reference age-appropriate dose limits and maximum doses
- Address calculation verification (double-check systems)
- Include developmental considerations (neonate, infant, child, adolescent)
- Document off-label use appropriately
- Consider palatability and age-appropriate formulations
- Address parent/guardian counseling requirements
- Include high-alert medication protocols for pediatrics
- Reference transition of care considerations
Always create branches and submit changes as Pull Requests for review.
Include regulatory references (USP, ISMP, AAP, PPAG, State Board) where applicable.
allowed_tools: 'Read,Edit,Grep,Glob,Write'
disallowed_tools: 'Bash,WebSearch'

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# Pediatric Oral Suspension Compounding Log
| Document ID | FRM-COMP-001 |
|-------------|--------------|
| Title | Oral Suspension Compounding Log |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
---
## Patient/Prescription Information
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Patient Name | ________________________________ |
| Date of Birth | ________________________________ |
| Prescription Number | ________________________________ |
| Prescriber | ________________________________ |
| Date Compounded | ________________________________ |
## Formulation Information
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Medication | ________________________________ |
| Final Concentration | _________ mg/mL (or mcg/mL) |
| Total Volume | _________ mL |
| Flavor | _________ ☐ None |
| Beyond-Use Date (BUD) | ________________________________ |
| Storage Requirements | ☐ Refrigerate (2-8°C) ☐ Room temperature ☐ Protect from light |
## Calculations
### Dosage Form Used
☐ Tablets
☐ Capsules
☐ Bulk powder
**Product Details:**
- Manufacturer: _______________________
- Strength: _________ mg per tablet/capsule
- NDC: _______________________
- Lot Number: _______________________
- Expiration Date: _______________________
### Quantity Calculation
**Quantity Needed:**
```
Desired concentration: _______ mg/mL
Final volume needed: _______ mL
Total drug needed: _______ mL × _______ mg/mL = _______ mg total
```
**Dosage Forms Required:**
```
_______ mg total ÷ _______ mg per unit = _______ units
Round up to: _______ tablets/capsules
(includes overage: ______ %)
```
**Verified by:** _________________ (Second pharmacist initials)
## Ingredients
| Ingredient | Manufacturer/Brand | Lot Number | Expiration Date | Quantity Used |
|------------|-------------------|------------|-----------------|---------------|
| [Drug name] | _______________ | __________ | ______________ | ______ units |
| Suspending vehicle | _______________ | __________ | ______________ | ______ mL |
| Sweetening agent | _______________ | __________ | ______________ | ______ mL |
| Flavoring (if used) | _______________ | __________ | ______________ | ______ mL |
| Other: __________ | _______________ | __________ | ______________ | __________ |
## Compounding Procedure
### Preparation Checklist
☐ Hand hygiene performed
☐ Appropriate garbing (lab coat, gloves)
☐ Work area cleaned and disinfected
☐ Equipment cleaned and ready
☐ All ingredients verified and gathered
### Compounding Steps Completed
**Step 1:** Counted and verified ______ tablets/capsules
**Step 2:** Crushed tablets to fine powder / Emptied capsule contents
**Step 3:** Triturated to uniform powder
**Step 4:** Added small portion of vehicle, mixed to smooth paste
**Step 5:** Used geometric dilution, added vehicle in portions
**Step 6:** Transferred to graduated cylinder
**Step 7:** Rinsed mortar with vehicle
**Step 8:** Brought to final volume: _______ mL
**Step 9:** Added flavor (if applicable): _______ mL
**Step 10:** Transferred to final container
**Step 11:** Shook thoroughly for 30 seconds
## Quality Control
### Visual Inspection
☐ Uniform suspension (no large particles)
☐ Appropriate color
☐ Smooth consistency
☐ No visible contamination
☐ Suspends well when shaken
### Volume Verification
- Target volume: _______ mL
- Actual volume: _______ mL
- Within acceptable range (±5%): ☐ Yes ☐ No
### Concentration Verification
```
Total drug: _______ mg
Final volume: _______ mL
Concentration: _______ mg ÷ _______ mL = _______ mg/mL
```
☐ Matches intended concentration
**Independent calculation by:** _________________ (Pharmacist initials)
## Beyond-Use Date Determination
**Stability Reference:**
☐ Published study (citation): _________________________________
☐ USP <795> general guidance: 14 days refrigerated / 30 days room temp
☐ Manufacturer information
☐ Trissel's Stability Reference
☐ Other: _________________________________
**BUD Assigned:** _________________________________
**Rationale:** ___________________________________________________
## Labeling
☐ Patient name and date of birth
☐ Medication name and concentration
☐ "SHAKE WELL BEFORE EACH USE"
☐ Directions for use
☐ Beyond-use date
☐ Storage instructions
☐ "For Oral Use Only"
☐ Flavor (if added)
☐ Pharmacist initials
☐ Compounding date
☐ Auxiliary labels (if applicable)
**Oral syringe provided:** ☐ Yes (size: _____ mL) ☐ No ☐ N/A
## Final Verification
### Pharmacist Final Check
☐ Correct medication and strength
☐ Accurate calculations verified
☐ Appropriate concentration for patient
☐ Correct labeling
☐ BUD appropriate and documented
☐ Storage instructions clear
☐ Quality checks passed
**Verifying Pharmacist:**
- Name: _________________________
- License #: _________________________
- Signature: _________________________
- Date/Time: _________________________
## Counseling Points Provided
☐ Shake well before each use
☐ Use oral syringe for accurate dosing
☐ Storage requirements explained
☐ Beyond-use date explained
☐ Administration technique demonstrated
☐ Side effects discussed
☐ Importance of completing therapy
**Counseled by:** __________________ Date/Time: __________
## Documentation
### Compounded by
- Technician/Pharmacist Name: _________________________
- Signature: _________________________
- Date/Time: _________________________
### Checked by
- Pharmacist Name: _________________________
- License #: _________________________
- Signature: _________________________
- Date/Time: _________________________
## Cleanup
☐ All equipment washed and dried
☐ Work surface disinfected
☐ Waste disposed of appropriately
☐ Ingredients returned to storage
**Cleaned by:** __________________ Date/Time: __________
## Notes/Deviations
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
---
## For Pharmacy Records
**Record Retention:** Per state board requirements (minimum 3 years)
**Filed in:** ☐ Compounding logs ☐ Patient profile ☐ Both
**Log reviewed by:** ______________ Date: ________
---
*Form FRM-COMP-001 Rev 1.0 - Pediatric Pharmacy Compounding*

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# Pediatric Dose Calculation Worksheet
| Document ID | FRM-DOSE-001 |
|-------------|--------------|
| Title | Pediatric Dose Calculation Worksheet |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
---
## Patient Information
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Patient Name | _________________________ |
| Date of Birth | _________________________ |
| Age | _________________________ |
| Medical Record # | _________________________ |
| Date/Time of Calculation | _________________________ |
## Patient Measurements
| Measurement | Value | Date/Time Obtained | Source |
|-------------|-------|-------------------|---------|
| Weight (kg) | _________ kg | _____________ | ☐ Inpatient chart ☐ Outpatient ☐ Parent-reported |
| Height (cm) | _________ cm | _____________ | ☐ Inpatient chart ☐ Outpatient ☐ Parent-reported |
| BSA (m²) | _________ m² | _____________ | Calculation method: ☐ Mosteller ☐ DuBois ☐ Other: _____ |
**Weight Status:**
☐ Current per policy (specify timeframe): _____________
☐ Needs update - contacted: ☐ Nurse ☐ Clinic ☐ Parent
## Medication Order
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Medication | _________________________________________ |
| Indication | _________________________________________ |
| Ordered Dose | _________________________________________ |
| Dosing Frequency | _________________________________________ |
| Route | _________________________________________ |
| Prescriber | _________________________________________ |
## Dose Calculation
### Dosing Type
☐ Weight-based (mg/kg)
☐ BSA-based (mg/m²)
☐ Fixed dose (no calculation needed)
☐ Other: _______________
### Calculation Method
**If Weight-Based:**
```
Dose ordered: ________ mg/kg/dose OR ________ mg/kg/day
Calculation:
_______ kg × _______ mg/kg/dose = _______ mg/dose
OR (if total daily dose):
_______ kg × _______ mg/kg/day = _______ mg/day
_______ mg/day ÷ _______ doses/day = _______ mg/dose
```
**If BSA-Based:**
```
Dose ordered: ________ mg/m²/dose OR ________ mg/m²/day
Calculation:
_______ m² × _______ mg/m²/dose = _______ mg/dose
OR (if total daily dose):
_______ m² × _______ mg/m²/day = _______ mg/day
_______ mg/day ÷ _______ doses/day = _______ mg/dose
```
### Final Dose
**Calculated Dose:** __________ mg/dose
**Rounded/Dispensed Dose:** __________ mg/dose
**Reason for rounding (if applicable):**
☐ Available dosage form
☐ Measurable quantity
☐ Patient-specific factors
☐ Other: _______________________
## Dose Verification
### Reference Check
**Reference Source(s):** ☐ Lexicomp ☐ Micromedex ☐ Harriet Lane ☐ Neofax ☐ Other: __________
**Recommended Dosing Range for Indication:**
- Minimum: __________ mg/kg/dose (or mg/m²/dose)
- Maximum: __________ mg/kg/dose (or mg/m²/dose)
- Frequency: __________
**Calculated dose within range?** ☐ Yes ☐ No
**If NO, action taken:**
☐ Clarified with prescriber (see notes)
☐ Clinical justification documented
☐ Order discontinued
☐ Other: _______________________
### Maximum Dose Check
**Maximum dose per dose:** __________ mg (if applicable)
**Maximum dose per day:** __________ mg (if applicable)
**Does calculated dose exceed maximum?** ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ N/A
**If YES, dispensed dose:** __________ mg (maximum dose applied)
### Age-Specific Considerations
☐ Dose appropriate for patient age
☐ Formulation appropriate for patient age/development
☐ No age-specific contraindications
☐ Age-specific warnings reviewed
### Special Populations
☐ Renal adjustment needed - CrCl: _____ mL/min - Adjusted dose: _____ mg
☐ Hepatic adjustment needed - Severity: _____ - Adjusted dose: _____ mg
☐ Obese (>95th percentile) - Used: ☐ Actual weight ☐ Ideal weight ☐ Adjusted weight
☐ Premature infant - Gestational age: _____ weeks - PMA: _____ weeks
## High-Alert Medication Independent Double-Check
**Is this a high-alert medication?** ☐ Yes ☐ No
**If YES, complete independent verification:**
### First Pharmacist Calculation
- Pharmacist Name: _________________________ Date/Time: _________
- Calculated Dose: __________ mg/dose
- Within Range: ☐ Yes ☐ No
- Signature: _________________________
### Second Pharmacist Independent Calculation
- Pharmacist Name: _________________________ Date/Time: _________
- Calculated Dose: __________ mg/dose
- Within Range: ☐ Yes ☐ No
- Signature: _________________________
### Verification Result
☐ Calculations match - Proceed
☐ Discrepancy identified - see resolution below
**Discrepancy Resolution:**
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
## Final Verification and Approval
**Final Dose to Dispense:** __________ mg per dose
**Quantity to Dispense:** __________ (doses/volume)
**Dosing Instructions:** _______________________________________________
**Off-Label Use?** ☐ Yes ☐ No
**If YES, clinical justification:** _____________________________________
**Pharmacist Final Verification:**
- Name: _________________________
- License #: _________________________
- Signature: _________________________
- Date/Time: _________________________
## Notes/Comments
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
---
## Disposition
☐ Dose verified and approved - proceed with dispensing
☐ Contacted prescriber for clarification
☐ Order modified per prescriber
☐ Order discontinued
---
**For Pharmacy Use Only**
Calculation reviewed by: _____________ Date: ________ Time: ________
Filed in: ☐ Patient chart ☐ Pharmacy records ☐ Both
---
*Form FRM-DOSE-001 Rev 1.0 - Pediatric Pharmacy*

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# Pediatric Pharmacy Competency Assessment
| Document ID | FRM-004 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Pediatric Pharmacy Competency Assessment |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
---
## Employee Information
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Employee Name | ________________________________ |
| Position | ☐ Pediatric Pharmacist ☐ Pharmacy Technician ☐ Pharmacy Resident ☐ Student |
| License/Registration # | ________________________________ |
| Hire Date | ________________________________ |
| Assessment Date | ________________________________ |
| Assessment Type | ☐ Initial ☐ Annual ☐ Triggered ☐ Return from leave |
## Assessor Information
| Field | Value |
|-------|-------|
| Assessor Name | ________________________________ |
| Title | ________________________________ |
| License # | ________________________________ |
| Date | ________________________________ |
---
## Part 1: Pediatric Dosing Calculations
**Instructions:** Complete all calculations. 100% accuracy required. Show all work.
### Scenario 1: Weight-Based Dosing
**Patient:** 3-year-old male, weight 14.2 kg
**Order:** Amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours
**Questions:**
1. Calculate total daily dose: ____________ mg/day
2. Calculate individual dose: ____________ mg per dose
3. Is this dose within the recommended range for amoxicillin (20-90 mg/kg/day)? ☐ Yes ☐ No
**Work shown:**
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
### Scenario 2: Maximum Dose Application
**Patient:** 12-year-old female, weight 52 kg
**Order:** Ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg IV for nausea
**Questions:**
1. Calculate dose based on weight: ____________ mg
2. Maximum dose for ondansetron is 16 mg. What dose would you dispense? ____________ mg
3. Why? _____________________________________________________________
**Work shown:**
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
### Scenario 3: BSA-Based Dosing
**Patient:** 7-year-old male, weight 25 kg, height 120 cm, BSA 0.92 m²
**Order:** Vincristine 1.5 mg/m² IV (chemotherapy)
**Questions:**
1. Calculate dose: ____________ mg
2. This dose will be independently verified by a second pharmacist because:
☐ High-alert medication
☐ Chemotherapy
☐ Both
☐ Neither
**Work shown:**
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
### Scenario 4: Neonatal Dosing
**Patient:** Premature infant, gestational age 32 weeks, postnatal age 5 days, weight 1.8 kg
**Order:** Gentamicin 4 mg/kg/dose IV every 24 hours
**Questions:**
1. Calculate dose: ____________ mg
2. For a 10 mg/mL concentration, what volume is needed? ____________ mL
3. Does the extended interval (q24h) make sense for this patient? ☐ Yes ☐ No
Why? ____________________________________________________________
**Work shown:**
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
### Scenario 5: Dilution Calculation
**Patient:** 6-month-old infant, weight 7.5 kg
**Order:** Digoxin 10 mcg/kg/day divided BID
**Available:** Digoxin elixir 50 mcg/mL
**Questions:**
1. Total daily dose: ____________ mcg/day
2. Individual dose: ____________ mcg per dose
3. Volume to administer per dose: ____________ mL
**Work shown:**
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
---
## Part 2: Knowledge Assessment
**Instructions:** Answer all questions.
### 1. Pediatric Age Categories
Match the age to the correct category:
| Age | Category |
|-----|----------|
| 2 months | ☐ Neonate ☐ Infant ☐ Child ☐ Adolescent |
| 15 days | ☐ Neonate ☐ Infant ☐ Child ☐ Adolescent |
| 5 years | ☐ Neonate ☐ Infant ☐ Child ☐ Adolescent |
| 16 years | ☐ Neonate ☐ Infant ☐ Child ☐ Adolescent |
### 2. High-Alert Medications
List 5 high-alert medications in pediatrics that require independent double-check:
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
### 3. Weight Currency
What is the maximum age of weight for the following patient types?
- NICU/critical care inpatients: ☐ 24 hours ☐ 72 hours ☐ 1 week
- General inpatients: ☐ 24 hours ☐ 72 hours ☐ 1 week
- Outpatient infants (<1 year): ☐ 1 month ☐ 3 months ☐ 6 months
### 4. USP Standards
Which USP chapter covers non-sterile compounding?
☐ USP <795>
☐ USP <797>
☐ USP <800>
Which USP chapter covers sterile compounding?
☐ USP <795>
☐ USP <797>
☐ USP <800>
### 5. Off-Label Use
Approximately what percentage of medications used in pediatrics are off-label?
☐ <10%
☐ 25-30%
☐ 50-70%
☐ >90%
---
## Part 3: Practical Skills Assessment
**Instructions:** Assessor observes and evaluates performance.
### Skill 1: Order Verification and Dosing
**Task:** Process a pediatric medication order from start to finish
| Step | Satisfactory | Needs Improvement | Not Observed |
|------|--------------|-------------------|--------------|
| Verifies patient identity (name, DOB, MRN) | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Obtains current patient weight | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Verifies weight is current per policy | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Calculates dose accurately | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Checks dose against reference range | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Verifies maximum dose not exceeded | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Documents calculation appropriately | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Obtains independent verification if required | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Selects age-appropriate formulation | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
**Overall Performance:** ☐ Competent ☐ Needs additional training
**Comments:** ___________________________________________________________
### Skill 2: Compounding Oral Suspension (if applicable)
**Task:** Compound an oral suspension from tablets following SOP
| Step | Satisfactory | Needs Improvement | Not Observed |
|------|--------------|-------------------|--------------|
| Performs calculations correctly | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Prepares workspace appropriately | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Uses proper hand hygiene and garbing | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Crushes tablets to fine powder | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Uses geometric dilution correctly | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Achieves smooth, uniform suspension | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Brings to accurate final volume | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Labels correctly with all required info | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Assigns appropriate BUD | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Documents in compounding log | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
**Overall Performance:** ☐ Competent ☐ Needs additional training
**Comments:** ___________________________________________________________
### Skill 3: Patient/Family Counseling
**Task:** Counsel parent/guardian on pediatric medication
| Step | Satisfactory | Needs Improvement | Not Observed |
|------|--------------|-------------------|--------------|
| Introduces self and confirms patient | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Uses age-appropriate language | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Explains indication for medication | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Demonstrates dose measurement | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Emphasizes importance of accurate dosing | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Explains administration technique | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Reviews storage requirements | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Discusses common side effects | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Emphasizes completing full course | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
| Provides opportunity for questions | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ |
**Overall Performance:** ☐ Competent ☐ Needs additional training
**Comments:** ___________________________________________________________
---
## Part 4: Scenario-Based Assessment
### Scenario: Potential Error Identification
**Situation:** A 2-month-old infant (4.5 kg) has an order for gentamicin 15 mg IV every 8 hours.
**Usual neonatal dosing:** 4-5 mg/kg/dose every 24-48 hours (extended interval)
**Questions:**
1. Do you see any concerns with this order? ☐ Yes ☐ No
2. If yes, what are they?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. What action would you take?
☐ Dispense as ordered
☐ Contact prescriber for clarification
☐ Refuse to fill
☐ Other: __________
4. Calculate what the dose should likely be:
_________________________________________________________________
**Assessor evaluation:**
☐ Correctly identified potential error
☐ Appropriate action plan
☐ Accurate alternative dose calculation
---
## Assessment Results
### Part 1: Dosing Calculations
- Scenarios correct: ______ / 5
- **Required: 5/5 (100%)**
- Result: ☐ **PASS****FAIL**
### Part 2: Knowledge Assessment
- Questions correct: ______ / 9
- **Required: 7/9 (78%)**
- Result: ☐ **PASS****FAIL**
### Part 3: Practical Skills
- Skills demonstrated competently: ______ / 3
- **Required: 3/3**
- Result: ☐ **PASS****FAIL**
### Part 4: Scenario Assessment
- Result: ☐ **PASS****FAIL**
---
## Overall Assessment Result
**COMPETENT** - All sections passed, authorized for independent practice
**NEEDS REMEDIATION** - See below for areas needing improvement
**NOT COMPETENT** - Requires additional training before reassessment
### Areas Needing Improvement:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
### Remediation Plan:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
**Reassessment Date:** ____________________
---
## Signatures
### Employee
I have completed this competency assessment to the best of my ability.
**Signature:** _________________________ **Date:** __________
### Assessor
I have assessed this employee's competency in pediatric pharmacy practice.
**Signature:** _________________________ **Date:** __________
**Printed Name:** _________________________ **License #:** __________
### Pharmacy Manager (if remediation required)
**Signature:** _________________________ **Date:** __________
---
**Record Retention:** Maintained in employee file per regulatory requirements
**Next Assessment Due:** ____________________
---
*Form FRM-004 Rev 1.0 - Pediatric Pharmacy*

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# Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Policy
| Document ID | POL-001 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Policy |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
---
## 1. Policy Statement
[ORGANIZATION NAME] Pediatric Pharmacy is committed to providing safe, effective, and developmentally appropriate pharmaceutical care for infants, children, and adolescents. We strive for excellence in pediatric medication therapy through evidence-based practices, continuous quality improvement, and unwavering commitment to medication safety for our youngest patients.
## 2. Quality Objectives
Our pediatric pharmacy commits to:
1. **Pediatric Patient Safety**: Ensuring accurate dosing calculations and age-appropriate formulations for all pediatric patients
2. **Medication Error Prevention**: Implementing multiple verification systems to prevent calculation errors, wrong doses, and medication mix-ups
3. **Regulatory Compliance**: Maintaining compliance with all applicable pharmacy regulations, USP standards, and pediatric-specific guidelines
4. **Clinical Excellence**: Providing evidence-based pharmaceutical care appropriate to each developmental stage (neonate, infant, child, adolescent)
5. **Family-Centered Care**: Engaging parents, guardians, and age-appropriate patients in medication education and counseling
6. **Continuous Improvement**: Continually improving pediatric pharmacy processes through data analysis, error reporting, and quality initiatives
7. **Staff Competency**: Ensuring all pharmacy personnel are trained and competent in pediatric-specific calculations, compounding, and safety protocols
8. **Off-Label Use Management**: Documenting and monitoring off-label medication use with appropriate clinical justification
## 3. Pediatric-Specific Commitments
Top management and the pharmacy leadership demonstrate commitment to pediatric pharmaceutical care by:
- Ensuring weight-based and BSA-based dosing verification for all pediatric orders
- Implementing independent double-check systems for high-alert medications in children
- Providing access to pediatric dosing references and calculation tools
- Maintaining competency in pediatric compounding, including flavoring and age-appropriate formulations
- Ensuring proper handling of neonatal medications, including dilutions and concentrations
- Supporting pediatric medication safety initiatives and error prevention programs
- Maintaining compliance with USP <795>, <797>, and <800> for pediatric preparations
- Documenting and reviewing all pediatric medication errors and near-misses
- Ensuring appropriate transition of care protocols from neonatal to pediatric to adult services
## 4. Scope
This policy applies to all personnel involved in:
- Pediatric medication order verification
- Dosing calculation and verification
- Pediatric compounding (sterile and non-sterile)
- Neonatal medication preparation
- Pediatric chemotherapy preparation
- TPN compounding for neonates and children
- Vaccine storage and administration
- Medication counseling for pediatric patients and families
- Controlled substance management for minors
This policy covers patients from birth through 18 years of age (or up to 21 years as defined by institutional policy).
## 5. High-Alert Medications in Pediatrics
We recognize that certain medications pose heightened risk in pediatric populations and require additional safeguards:
- Concentrated electrolytes (potassium, sodium chloride >0.9%, calcium)
- Insulin and hypoglycemic agents
- Opioids and sedatives in neonates and infants
- Chemotherapy agents
- Anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin)
- Neuromuscular blocking agents
- IV medications requiring dilution or dose calculation
- Medications with narrow therapeutic indices in children
## 6. Dosing Safety
All pediatric medication orders must include:
- Patient's current weight (in kg)
- Patient's age (or gestational age for neonates)
- Indication for use (especially for off-label medications)
- Dose expressed in appropriate units (mg/kg, mg/m², etc.)
- Maximum dose limits verified
- Calculation verification by independent pharmacist
## 7. Communication
This policy shall be:
- Communicated to all pharmacy personnel and relevant clinical staff
- Reviewed annually and updated as pediatric pharmacy practice standards evolve
- Available to parents and guardians upon request
- Integrated into new employee orientation and ongoing training
## 8. Quality Monitoring
Quality indicators for pediatric pharmacy include:
- Pediatric medication error rates (by category)
- Dosing calculation errors prevented
- Compounding accuracy and sterility testing results
- Time to preparation for stat neonatal/pediatric orders
- Off-label use documentation compliance
- Parent/guardian counseling completion rates
- Staff competency assessment results
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# pediatric-pharmacy # Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Management System
A comprehensive QMS template designed for pediatric pharmacy operations including hospital pediatric services, neonatal intensive care, pediatric oncology, and specialized pediatric compounding. A comprehensive QMS template designed for pediatric pharmacy operations including hospital pediatric services, neonatal intensive care, pediatric oncology, and specialized pediatric compounding.
## 👶 Designed For
- **Pediatric Hospital Pharmacies** - Inpatient and outpatient pediatric services
- **Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU)** - Specialized neonatal medication preparation
- **Pediatric Oncology Pharmacies** - Chemotherapy preparation for children
- **Pediatric Compounding Pharmacies** - Age-appropriate formulations and flavoring
- **Children's Hospital Central Pharmacies** - Comprehensive pediatric medication services
- **Pediatric Specialty Clinics** - Outpatient pediatric medication management
- **Pediatric Home Infusion** - Home-based pediatric therapy
## 📋 Regulatory Framework
This template supports compliance with:
- **State Board of Pharmacy** regulations for pediatric services
- **DEA** (Drug Enforcement Administration) requirements for controlled substances in minors
- **FDA** regulations for pediatric drug handling and off-label use
- **USP <795>** - Non-Sterile Compounding (pediatric formulations)
- **USP <797>** - Sterile Compounding (NICU, TPN, chemotherapy)
- **USP <800>** - Hazardous Drug Handling (pediatric oncology)
- **Joint Commission** - Pediatric medication safety standards
- **ISMP** (Institute for Safe Medication Practices) - Pediatric medication safety guidelines
- **AAP** (American Academy of Pediatrics) - Pediatric pharmacy practice standards
- **PPAG** (Pediatric Pharmacy Association) - Best practices
- **HIPAA** - Patient privacy and data protection for minors
- **ACIP** - Vaccine storage and administration guidelines
## Repository Structure
```
├── SOPs/
│ ├── Dosing-Verification/ # Weight/BSA-based dosing verification
│ ├── Compounding/ # Pediatric formulations & flavoring
│ ├── Chemotherapy/ # Pediatric oncology preparations
│ ├── Patient-Safety/ # Pediatric-specific error prevention
│ ├── Controlled-Substances/ # DEA compliance for minors
│ ├── Inventory/ # Pediatric drug procurement
│ └── General/ # General pharmacy operations
├── Forms/
│ ├── Dose-Calculation/ # Weight/BSA dosing worksheets
│ ├── Compounding-Records/ # Pediatric formulation logs
│ ├── Temperature-Logs/ # Vaccine & medication storage
│ ├── Controlled-Substance/ # DEA forms for pediatric patients
│ └── Training/ # Competency assessments
├── Policies/ # Pediatric pharmacy policies
├── Work-Instructions/ # Step-by-step procedures
└── Templates/ # Document templates
```
## 🤖 AI-Powered Assistance
This repository includes **AtomicAI**, your pediatric pharmacy QMS assistant. Mention `@atomicai` in any issue or pull request to:
- Draft pediatric pharmacy SOPs following best practices
- Create weight-based and BSA-based dosing protocols
- Generate pediatric compounding formulation records
- Develop neonatal medication safety procedures
- Create pediatric chemotherapy preparation protocols
- Review documents for pediatric medication safety compliance
### Example Prompts
- "@atomicai create an SOP for neonatal TPN compounding per USP 797"
- "@atomicai draft a weight-based dosing verification procedure"
- "@atomicai write a policy for pediatric high-alert medications"
- "@atomicai create a pediatric chemotherapy preparation checklist"
- "@atomicai develop an off-label medication documentation form"
- "@atomicai create a neonatal medication error prevention protocol"
## Getting Started
1. **Customize Policies** - Update policies in `/Policies` for your pediatric service
2. **Adapt SOPs** - Modify SOPs to match your pediatric workflow
3. **Set Up Dosing Tools** - Configure weight/BSA-based dosing verification forms
4. **Train Staff** - Use pediatric-specific competency forms
5. **Establish Safety Protocols** - Implement high-alert medication procedures for children
## Key Documents to Create First
1. **Weight-Based Dosing SOP** - Core pediatric dosing verification workflow
2. **Neonatal Medication Safety Policy** - Foundation for NICU safety
3. **Pediatric High-Alert Medications** - Critical safety protocols
4. **Compounding for Pediatrics SOP** - Age-appropriate formulations
5. **Off-Label Use Documentation** - Required for pediatric practice
6. **Chemotherapy Preparation SOP** - If providing pediatric oncology services
7. **TPN Compounding SOP** - If providing neonatal/pediatric nutrition support
## Special Considerations for Pediatric Pharmacy
### Dosing Calculations
- Weight-based dosing (mg/kg)
- Body surface area (BSA) calculations
- Age-appropriate dose ranges
- Maximum dose verification
- Renal/hepatic adjustments for children
### Compounding
- Suspension preparation from tablets/capsules
- Flavoring for palatability
- Low-concentration preparations
- Unit-dose packaging for accuracy
- Stability considerations for pediatric formulations
### Safety
- Double-check verification systems
- High-alert medications (concentrated electrolytes, insulin, etc.)
- Look-alike/sound-alike medications in pediatrics
- Calculation error prevention
- Transition of care (NICU to pediatric to adult)
### Documentation
- Off-label use (>50% of pediatric medications)
- Age/weight at time of dispensing
- Parent/guardian counseling
- Developmental appropriateness
---
*This template is maintained by AtomicQMS. For questions, open an issue in this repository.*

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# Standard Operating Procedure: Compounding Pediatric Oral Suspensions
| Document ID | SOP-COMP-001 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Compounding Pediatric Oral Suspensions from Solid Dosage Forms |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy - Compounding |
---
## 1. Purpose
To establish a standardized process for compounding oral suspensions from tablets or capsules to provide age-appropriate, accurately dosed medications for pediatric patients when commercial liquid formulations are unavailable.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to non-sterile compounding of oral suspensions from solid dosage forms for pediatric patients. It covers:
- Crushing tablets or opening capsules
- Preparing suspensions in appropriate vehicles
- Flavoring for palatability
- Labeling and beyond-use dating
- Quality verification
This procedure does not apply to:
- Hazardous drugs (see USP <800> procedures)
- Sterile preparations
- Commercial liquid formulations
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Pharmacist
- Verifies formulation and calculations
- Selects appropriate vehicle and flavoring
- Determines beyond-use date
- Performs final verification
- Provides counseling on administration and storage
### 3.2 Pharmacy Technician
- Prepares workspace
- Compounds suspension following procedure
- Labels container appropriately
- Cleans and documents
### 3.3 Quality Reviewer
- Verifies calculations independently
- Checks final product
- Approves for dispensing
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| Oral Suspension | Liquid dosage form containing solid particles dispersed in liquid vehicle |
| Vehicle | Liquid base used to suspend active ingredient |
| Beyond-Use Date (BUD) | Date after which compounded preparation should not be used |
| Geometric Dilution | Technique for mixing small quantity with larger quantity by doubling proportions |
| Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet | Common suspending vehicle and sweetening agent for pediatric suspensions |
## 5. Equipment and Materials
### 5.1 Equipment
- Mortar and pestle (appropriately sized)
- Graduated cylinder (appropriate volume)
- Amber or light-resistant bottle
- Spatula
- Weighing scale (class III or better)
- Calibrated oral syringes for measuring
### 5.2 Materials
- Solid dosage form (tablets or capsules)
- Suspending vehicle (Ora-Plus, SyrSpend SF, methylcellulose, etc.)
- Sweetening agent (Ora-Sweet, Ora-Sweet SF, syrup, etc.)
- Flavoring (if needed)
- Appropriate label
- Compounding log
## 6. Procedure
### 6.1 Preparation and Planning
1. **Review Prescription**
- Verify medication, strength, and quantity
- Calculate total amount needed plus overage (typically 10-20%)
- Determine final concentration
- Check for drug-vehicle compatibility
2. **Select Vehicle and Flavoring**
- Choose appropriate vehicle for medication stability
- Consider patient age and preferences
- Select sugar-free vehicles if appropriate (diabetic patients)
- Choose flavoring (see Appendix A for flavor recommendations)
3. **Calculate Beyond-Use Date**
- Reference stability data (published studies, manufacturers)
- Apply USP <795> guidelines if no data available:
- Aqueous formulations: Maximum 14 days refrigerated
- Non-aqueous formulations: Maximum 30 days
- Use most conservative date if multiple sources
4. **Gather Materials**
- Obtain correct tablets/capsules (verify NDC)
- Obtain vehicle and flavoring
- Select appropriate bottle size
- Prepare workspace
### 6.2 Compounding Process
1. **Hand Hygiene and Garbing**
- Wash hands thoroughly
- Don lab coat and gloves
- No jewelry on hands/wrists
2. **Clean Workspace**
- Disinfect compounding area
- Ensure equipment is clean and dry
- Remove unnecessary items
3. **Preparation of Solid Dosage Form**
**For Tablets:**
- Count correct number of tablets
- Place in mortar
- Crush to fine, uniform powder
- Triturate until no large particles remain
**For Capsules:**
- Count correct number of capsules
- Empty capsule contents into mortar
- Discard empty capsule shells appropriately
- Mix powder thoroughly
4. **Geometric Dilution with Vehicle**
- Measure small amount of vehicle (approximately equal volume to powder)
- Add to powder in mortar
- Triturate to form smooth paste (no lumps)
- Add another equal portion of vehicle
- Mix thoroughly
- Continue doubling portions until all powder incorporated
- Transfer to graduated cylinder
5. **Add Remaining Vehicle**
- Rinse mortar with vehicle to capture all medication
- Transfer to graduated cylinder
- Add vehicle to desired final volume
- Add flavoring if using separate flavoring agent
6. **Mix Thoroughly**
- Cap bottle securely
- Shake vigorously for 30 seconds
- Visually inspect for uniform suspension
- No clumps or settling immediately after shaking
### 6.3 Quality Checks
1. **Visual Inspection**
- Color appropriate for ingredients
- Smooth consistency (no large particles)
- Uniform suspension when shaken
- No visible contamination
2. **Volume Verification**
- Final volume matches calculated volume (±5%)
- Adequate overage to allow for bottle hold-up
3. **Concentration Verification**
- Independent pharmacist verifies calculation
- Example: 30 tablets × 100 mg = 3000 mg in 150 mL = 20 mg/mL
### 6.4 Labeling
Apply pharmacy label with following information:
- Patient name and date of birth
- Medication name and strength per volume (e.g., "20 mg/mL")
- Directions for use
- "SHAKE WELL BEFORE EACH USE"
- Beyond-use date
- Storage instructions (e.g., "Refrigerate" or "Store at room temperature")
- "For Oral Use Only"
- Flavor (if added)
- Auxiliary labels as appropriate
- Pharmacist initials
- Compounding date
### 6.5 Final Verification
Pharmacist verifies:
- Correct medication and strength
- Accurate calculation
- Appropriate concentration for patient age and weight
- Correct labeling
- BUD appropriate
- Storage instructions clear
- Oral syringe provided for accurate dosing
### 6.6 Counseling Points
Provide to patient/caregiver:
- Shake well before each use
- Use provided oral syringe for measuring (never household spoon)
- Storage requirements (refrigerate if required)
- Beyond-use date
- What to do if dose missed
- Possible side effects
- Complete full course even if feeling better
### 6.7 Documentation
Complete compounding log with:
- Date and time
- Patient name
- Medication and strength
- Lot numbers of all ingredients
- Expiration dates of ingredients
- Calculations
- Final concentration and volume
- BUD assigned
- Compounding pharmacist/technician
- Verifying pharmacist
### 6.8 Cleanup
- Wash all equipment with hot soapy water
- Rinse thoroughly and dry
- Disinfect work surface
- Dispose of waste appropriately
- Return ingredients to storage
## 7. Common Pediatric Suspensions
| Medication | Typical Concentration | Vehicle | Stability (refrigerated) |
|------------|----------------------|---------|--------------------------|
| Atenolol | 2 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet (1:1) | 60 days |
| Captopril | 1 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet (1:1) | 56 days |
| Clonidine | 0.1 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet SF (1:1) | 91 days |
| Enalapril | 1 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet SF (1:1) | 60 days |
| Propranolol | 1 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet (1:1) | 42 days |
| Spironolactone | 5 mg/mL | Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet SF (1:1) | 60 days |
*Always verify stability data from current references before compounding*
## 8. Appendix A: Pediatric Flavoring Guide
| Age Group | Preferred Flavors |
|-----------|-------------------|
| Infants (< 1 year) | Minimize flavoring; consider mother's diet if breastfeeding |
| Toddlers (1-3 years) | Cherry, grape, bubblegum, strawberry |
| Children (4-12 years) | Watermelon, grape, cherry, bubblegum, chocolate |
| Adolescents (13-18 years) | Fruit flavors, vanilla, chocolate |
| Medication Type | Flavoring Recommendation |
|-----------------|--------------------------|
| Bitter medications | Chocolate, vanilla, or cream flavors |
| Salty medications | Citrus or fruit flavors |
| Acidic medications | Fruit punch or grape |
## 9. Related Documents
- FRM-COMP-001 Compounding Record
- Master Formulation Records (if established)
- USP <795> Pharmaceutical Compounding - Nonsterile Preparations
- Pediatric dosing references
## 10. References
- USP <795> Pharmaceutical Compounding - Nonsterile Preparations
- ASHP Guidelines on Compounding Sterile Preparations
- Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations
- Paddock Laboratories Flavoring Guide
- State Board of Pharmacy compounding regulations
- Extemporaneous Formulations for Pediatric, Geriatric, and Special Needs Patients (ASHP)
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: Weight-Based Dosing Verification
| Document ID | SOP-DOSE-001 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Weight-Based Dosing Verification for Pediatric Patients |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy |
---
## 1. Purpose
To establish a standardized process for verifying weight-based medication dosing calculations for pediatric patients to ensure safe and accurate dosing and prevent calculation errors.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to all weight-based (mg/kg or mcg/kg) medication orders for pediatric patients from birth through 18 years of age (or institutional age limit). This includes orders for:
- Inpatient medications
- Outpatient prescriptions
- Emergency department medications
- Chemotherapy (see also SOP-CHEMO-XXX)
- Investigational medications
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Prescriber
- Orders medication with appropriate indication
- Specifies patient weight or references weight in system
- Includes dosing frequency and duration
### 3.2 Pharmacist
- Verifies patient weight is current
- Calculates dose based on weight
- Verifies dose is within therapeutic range
- Verifies maximum dose not exceeded
- Performs independent double-check for high-alert medications
- Documents verification
### 3.3 Pharmacy Technician (if applicable per state law)
- May perform initial calculation
- Documents calculation method
- Flags order for pharmacist verification
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| Weight-based dosing | Medication dose calculated based on patient body weight (mg/kg or mcg/kg) |
| Current weight | Weight obtained within timeframe per institutional policy (typically 24-72 hours for inpatients) |
| Maximum dose | Upper limit of dose regardless of calculated weight-based dose |
| Therapeutic range | Accepted dosing range for specific indication and patient age |
| Independent double-check | Separate calculation by second pharmacist without viewing first calculation |
## 5. Equipment/Resources Required
- Pediatric dosing references (Lexicomp, Micromedex, Harriet Lane, etc.)
- Calculator or verified dosing calculator software
- Access to current patient weight in medical record
- Age-appropriate dosing guidelines
## 6. Procedure
### 6.1 Patient Information Verification
1. **Confirm Patient Identity**
- Verify patient name and date of birth
- Confirm medical record number
2. **Obtain Current Weight**
- Check date/time of most recent weight
- Ensure weight is current per institutional policy:
- NICU/critical care: Within 24 hours
- Inpatient: Within 72 hours
- Outpatient: Within 3-6 months (per age)
- If weight not current, request updated weight before proceeding
- Document weight used (value and date obtained)
3. **Verify Weight Units**
- Confirm weight in kilograms (kg)
- If weight in pounds, convert: kg = pounds ÷ 2.2
- Round to appropriate decimal places (typically 0.1 kg)
### 6.2 Dose Calculation
1. **Identify Prescribed Dose**
- Note ordered dose (mg/kg/dose or mg/kg/day)
- Identify dosing frequency
- Determine if dose is per dose or per day (total daily dose)
2. **Calculate Individual Dose**
```
If ordered as mg/kg/dose:
Dose = Weight (kg) × mg/kg/dose
If ordered as mg/kg/day:
Total daily dose = Weight (kg) × mg/kg/day
Individual dose = Total daily dose ÷ number of doses per day
```
3. **Round Appropriately**
- Follow institutional rounding guidelines
- Consider available dosage forms
- Round to measurable quantity
- Be cautious with high-potency drugs (may require more precision)
### 6.3 Dose Verification
1. **Reference Check**
- Consult pediatric dosing reference
- Verify dose is appropriate for:
- Patient age
- Indication
- Renal/hepatic function (if applicable)
- Check for age-specific restrictions
2. **Range Verification**
- Confirm calculated dose is within therapeutic range
- Check if dose falls within:
- Minimum effective dose
- Maximum recommended dose
- For unusual doses, document clinical rationale
3. **Maximum Dose Check**
- Identify if medication has maximum dose
- Verify calculated dose does not exceed adult or absolute maximum
- Document if maximum dose applied instead of calculated dose
4. **Special Populations**
- **Neonates**: Check if gestational age affects dosing
- **Obese patients**: Determine if ideal body weight should be used
- **Renal/hepatic impairment**: Apply dose adjustments if needed
### 6.4 Independent Double-Check (High-Alert Medications)
For high-alert medications, independent verification required:
1. **First Pharmacist**
- Performs calculation as outlined above
- Documents result
- Does not communicate result to second pharmacist
2. **Second Pharmacist**
- Independently obtains patient weight
- Independently calculates dose
- Independently verifies range and maximum
- Compares result with first pharmacist
3. **Discrepancy Resolution**
- If calculations match, proceed
- If discrepancy identified:
- Both pharmacists review calculation together
- Identify source of error
- Re-calculate if needed
- Document discrepancy and resolution
### 6.5 High-Alert Medications Requiring Independent Double-Check
- Chemotherapy agents
- Insulin
- Opioids (for neonates/infants)
- Concentrated electrolytes
- Anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin)
- Neuromuscular blocking agents
- Moderate sedation agents
- [Add institution-specific medications]
### 6.6 Documentation
Document in pharmacy system or dosing worksheet:
- Patient weight and date
- Dose ordered (mg/kg)
- Calculated dose
- Dose rounded/dispensed
- Maximum dose verification (if applicable)
- Reference source
- Pharmacist initials/signature
- Second pharmacist verification (if applicable)
### 6.7 Unusual Doses
For doses outside normal range but clinically justified:
1. Contact prescriber for clarification
2. Document prescriber confirmation
3. Document clinical rationale in pharmacy record
4. Consider additional verification by clinical pharmacist or pharmacy manager
5. Monitor patient response
## 7. Examples
### Example 1: Amoxicillin for Otitis Media
- Patient: 2-year-old, weight 12.5 kg
- Order: Amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day divided BID
- Calculation:
- Total daily dose = 12.5 kg × 45 mg/kg/day = 562.5 mg/day
- Individual dose = 562.5 mg ÷ 2 = 281.25 mg per dose
- Rounded dose = 280 mg per dose (or 300 mg if using suspension)
- Reference check: Within range for acute otitis media (40-80 mg/kg/day)
- Maximum: Does not apply for amoxicillin
### Example 2: Vancomycin for MRSA (with maximum dose)
- Patient: 14-year-old, weight 75 kg
- Order: Vancomycin 15 mg/kg IV q12h
- Calculation:
- Individual dose = 75 kg × 15 mg/kg = 1,125 mg
- Maximum dose check: 1,000 mg per dose (typical maximum)
- **Dispense: 1,000 mg** (maximum dose applied)
- Document that maximum dose used instead of calculated dose
## 8. Quality Checks
- Monthly review of dosing errors/near misses
- Audit of weight documentation compliance
- Review of maximum dose overrides
- Trending of calculation discrepancies in double-check process
## 9. Related Documents
- FRM-DOSE-001 Pediatric Dose Calculation Worksheet
- SOP-CHEMO-XXX Chemotherapy Dosing Verification
- High-Alert Medication List
- Pediatric Dosing Reference Guide
## 10. References
- ISMP Guidelines for Standard Order Sets
- ASHP Guidelines on Preventing Medication Errors in Hospitals
- Pediatric dosing references (Lexicomp, Micromedex)
- Institutional dosing guidelines
- State Board of Pharmacy practice standards
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: High-Alert Medications in Pediatrics
| Document ID | SOP-SAF-001 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | High-Alert Medications in Pediatric Pharmacy |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy - Patient Safety |
---
## 1. Purpose
To establish additional safety measures for medications that have heightened risk of causing significant patient harm when used in error in pediatric populations, ensuring multiple layers of verification and safeguards.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to all high-alert medications used in pediatric patients (birth through 18 years) across all care settings, including:
- Inpatient units (including NICU, PICU)
- Emergency department
- Outpatient clinics
- Ambulatory infusion centers
- Discharge prescriptions
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Pharmacy Director
- Maintains high-alert medication list
- Reviews list annually and after sentinel events
- Ensures adequate resources for safety measures
- Reports metrics to leadership
### 3.2 Pharmacists
- Recognizes high-alert medications
- Performs independent double-check verification
- Implements additional safeguards
- Documents verification appropriately
- Educates patients/families on high-alert medications
### 3.3 Pharmacy Technicians
- Flags high-alert medications for pharmacist review
- Applies auxiliary labels
- Follows storage and handling protocols
- Never performs final check on high-alert medications
### 3.4 Quality/Safety Committee
- Reviews errors involving high-alert medications
- Updates protocols and safeguards
- Monitors compliance with procedures
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| High-Alert Medication | Medication with increased risk of causing significant harm when used in error |
| Independent Double-Check | Separate verification by second qualified individual without influence from first check |
| Look-Alike/Sound-Alike (LASA) | Medications that appear similar or have similar names, increasing error risk |
| Maximum Dose | Highest safe dose regardless of weight-based calculation |
| Forcing Function | Design feature that prevents errors (e.g., requiring two signatures) |
## 5. Pediatric High-Alert Medication List
### 5.1 Injectable High-Alert Medications
**Chemotherapy/Antineoplastics**
- All chemotherapy agents (see SOP-CHEMO-XXX for additional protocols)
- Methotrexate (all routes, all doses in pediatrics)
**Cardiovascular**
- Digoxin injection
- Epinephrine (all concentrations)
- Vasopressors (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin)
- Antiarrhythmics IV (amiodarone, lidocaine)
**Anticoagulants**
- Heparin (all formulations)
- Enoxaparin
- Alteplase (tPA)
**Electrolytes (Concentrated)**
- Potassium chloride injection (>0.3 mEq/mL or >20 mEq/dose)
- Potassium phosphate injection
- Sodium chloride injection (>0.9%)
- Calcium chloride/gluconate injection
- Magnesium sulfate injection (>50%)
**Opioids and Sedatives (Neonates/Infants)**
- Morphine injection
- Fentanyl injection
- Hydromorphone injection
- Midazolam injection
- Lorazepam injection
- Propofol
**Neuromuscular Blocking Agents**
- Rocuronium
- Vecuronium
- Succinylcholine
**Other Injectable**
- Insulin (all formulations)
- Oxytocin (when used for neonatal resuscitation)
- Nitroprusside
### 5.2 Oral/Enteral High-Alert Medications
**Anticoagulants**
- Warfarin (especially in infants)
- Direct oral anticoagulants (apixaban, rivaroxaban) in pediatrics
**Hypoglycemics**
- Insulin (all formulations)
- Oral hypoglycemic agents in pediatrics
**Opioids (especially for infants)**
- Liquid morphine
- Oxycodone solution
- Hydrocodone products
- Methadone
**Immunosuppressants**
- Tacrolimus
- Cyclosporine
- Mycophenolate
**Chemotherapy (Oral)**
- Mercaptopurine
- Methotrexate tablets
- All oral chemotherapy agents
**Other**
- Concentrated liquid medications requiring dilution
- Chloral hydrate (sedation)
### 5.3 Moderate Sedation Agents
- All agents used for moderate sedation in procedures
## 6. Procedure
### 6.1 Ordering Safeguards
Prescriber orders must include:
- Patient weight and age
- Indication for use
- Dose with units clearly specified (mg, not mL)
- For weight-based dosing: dose per kg and total dose
- Maximum dose consideration documented
### 6.2 Independent Double-Check Process
**Required for all high-alert medications in pediatrics**
#### Step 1: First Pharmacist Verification
1. Obtains current patient weight
2. Calculates dose independently
3. Verifies dose against reference
4. Checks maximum dose
5. Documents calculation and verification
6. Does NOT communicate findings to second pharmacist yet
#### Step 2: Second Pharmacist Independent Verification
1. Performs completely independent check
2. Obtains patient weight independently
3. Calculates dose without seeing first calculation
4. Verifies against references independently
5. Checks maximum dose independently
6. Documents independent verification
#### Step 3: Comparison
1. Both pharmacists compare results
2. If calculations match and both agree dose is appropriate: PROCEED
3. If discrepancy found:
- STOP - do not dispense
- Both review calculations together
- Identify source of discrepancy
- Re-calculate as needed
- If question remains, contact prescriber
- Document discrepancy and resolution
#### Step 4: Documentation
- Both pharmacists sign/initial verification
- Use FRM-DOSE-001 or equivalent
- Maintain in pharmacy records
### 6.3 Preparation Safeguards
1. **Workspace**
- Minimize distractions during preparation
- Clear workspace of other medications
- Use separate designated area if available
2. **Labeling**
- Apply auxiliary label: "HIGH ALERT MEDICATION"
- Include patient-specific calculated dose on label
- For concentrated electrolytes: "MUST BE DILUTED"
3. **Dilution (if required)**
- Use pre-mixed solutions when available
- If mixing required, independent double-check of dilution
- Label final concentration clearly
- Document dilution on preparation record
4. **Verification Before Dispensing**
- Right patient
- Right medication
- Right dose (verified calculation)
- Right route
- Right time/frequency
### 6.4 Storage Safeguards
1. **Concentrated Electrolytes**
- Remove from general access areas
- Store in designated, locked location
- Require override for access
- Maintain only minimal quantities
2. **Neuromuscular Blocking Agents**
- Separate from sedatives
- Apply warning labels: "WARNING: PARALYZING AGENT"
- Store in locked area with restricted access
3. **Look-Alike/Sound-Alike (LASA) Medications**
- Separate storage locations
- Tall Man lettering on bins/shelves
- Different bin colors if possible
- Alert in computer system
### 6.5 Dispensing Safeguards
1. **Final Pharmacist Check**
- Review independent double-check documentation
- Verify auxiliary labels applied
- Confirm appropriate concentration for patient age
- For inpatients: verify order in patient profile
2. **Patient/Family Counseling**
- Explain this is a high-alert medication
- Review extra precautions being taken
- Emphasize importance of precise dosing
- Demonstrate measurement technique
- Provide written information
- Encourage questions
### 6.6 Special Considerations by Age
**Neonates (0-28 days)**
- All opioids and sedatives require double-check (not just high-alert list)
- Extra caution with concentrated medications
- Verify gestational age considered in dosing
**Infants (29 days - 12 months)**
- Weight changes rapidly - verify current weight
- Many adult "routine" medications are high-alert in infants
- Consider developmental immaturities affecting drug response
**Children (1-12 years)**
- Ensure dose appropriate for child vs. infant dosing
- Verify maximum doses not exceeded
- Consider if weight appropriate for age (obesity/malnutrition)
**Adolescents (13-18 years)**
- Verify if adult dosing appropriate or still pediatric
- Consider if dose exceeds adult maximum
- Address transition to adult care if applicable
## 7. Error Prevention Strategies
### 7.1 System-Based Safeguards
- Clinical decision support in computer system
- Hard stops for dangerous doses
- Required fields (weight, indication)
- Default maximum doses in system
- Alert fatigue management (meaningful alerts only)
### 7.2 Process-Based Safeguards
- Standardized concentrations
- Pre-mixed solutions when available
- Elimination of concentrated stock when possible
- Protocols and order sets
- Independent double-check
### 7.3 Human Factors
- Minimize interruptions during critical tasks
- Adequate staffing for verification process
- Regular training and competency assessment
- Culture of safety - encouraged to speak up
- Non-punitive error reporting
## 8. Monitoring and Reporting
### 8.1 Metrics to Track
- Number of high-alert medication doses verified
- Discrepancies found in double-check process
- Errors/near misses involving high-alert medications
- Compliance with verification procedures
- Time to verification (balancing safety with efficiency)
### 8.2 Reporting
- Monthly report to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee
- Quarterly report to Quality/Safety Committee
- Immediate reporting of serious errors or near-misses
- Annual review of high-alert medication list
### 8.3 Continuous Improvement
- Review all errors involving high-alert medications
- Implement additional safeguards as identified
- Update protocols based on new evidence
- Share learnings with staff
## 9. Training Requirements
All pharmacists must demonstrate competency in:
- Recognizing high-alert medications
- Performing independent double-check
- Pediatric dose calculation and verification
- Maximum dose application
- Error prevention strategies
Annual competency assessment required (see FRM-004).
## 10. Records
| Record | Location | Retention |
|--------|----------|-----------|
| Independent verification forms | Pharmacy records | Per patient record retention |
| High-alert medication list | Pharmacy policy manual | Current + 3 years |
| Error reports | Quality/Safety | 7 years |
| Metrics reports | Pharmacy quality | 3 years |
## 11. Related Documents
- FRM-DOSE-001 Pediatric Dose Calculation Worksheet
- SOP-DOSE-001 Weight-Based Dosing Verification
- SOP-CHEMO-XXX Chemotherapy Verification
- Institutional High-Alert Medication List
- ISMP List of High-Alert Medications in Pediatrics
## 12. References
- ISMP List of High-Alert Medications in Acute Care Settings
- ISMP List of High-Alert Medications in Community/Ambulatory Settings
- Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals
- ASHP Guidelines on Preventing Medication Errors in Hospitals
- State Board of Pharmacy regulations
- Institutional medication safety policies
---
## Appendix A: Pediatric-Specific LASA Medications
| Drug | Often Confused With | Differentiation Strategy |
|------|---------------------|-------------------------|
| vinBLAStine | vinCRIStine | Tall man lettering, separate storage |
| DOPamine | DOBUTamine | Tall man lettering, different concentrations |
| hydrOXYzine | hydrALAzine | Tall man lettering |
| Morphine 20 mg/mL | Morphine 2 mg/mL | Different bin colors, concentration warnings |
## Appendix B: Quick Reference - When is Independent Double-Check Required?
☑ All chemotherapy/antineoplastic agents
☑ Insulin (all formulations)
☑ Anticoagulants (heparin, enoxaparin)
☑ Concentrated electrolytes
☑ Opioids in neonates/infants
☑ Neuromuscular blocking agents
☑ Vasoactive drips
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: Document Control
| Document ID | SOP-001 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Document Control |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy - Quality |
---
## 1. Purpose
To establish a standardized process for the creation, review, approval, distribution, and revision of all pediatric pharmacy Quality Management System (QMS) documents.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to all controlled documents within the pediatric pharmacy QMS, including:
- Policies
- Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
- Work Instructions (WIs)
- Forms and Templates
- Dosing protocols and guidelines
- Compounding formulations
- Training materials
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Quality Manager
- Oversees the document control system
- Ensures documents are reviewed and approved appropriately
- Maintains the master document list
- Coordinates periodic reviews
### 3.2 Document Owners
- Initiates creation or revision of documents
- Ensures technical accuracy and clinical appropriateness
- Coordinates reviews with subject matter experts
- Maintains pediatric-specific content accuracy
### 3.3 Approvers
- Reviews documents for compliance and quality
- Provides final approval for implementation
- Ensures pediatric safety considerations are addressed
### 3.4 All Pharmacy Staff
- Uses only current, approved versions of documents
- Reports discrepancies or improvement opportunities
- Follows documented procedures
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| Controlled Document | Any document that is part of the QMS and subject to version control |
| Master Document List | Comprehensive list of all controlled documents |
| Revision | Any change to a controlled document requiring re-approval |
| Obsolete Document | Document that is no longer current and has been superseded |
| Effective Date | Date when a new or revised document becomes active |
## 5. Procedure
### 5.1 Document Creation
1. Document owner identifies need for new document
2. Selects appropriate template from `/Templates`
3. Drafts document following standard format
4. Ensures pediatric-specific considerations are included
5. Assigns unique document ID according to numbering convention
6. Routes for technical review
### 5.2 Document Review
1. Subject matter experts review for technical accuracy
2. Quality Manager reviews for compliance with standards
3. Clinical pharmacist reviews for pediatric appropriateness
4. Reviewers provide feedback within 5 business days
5. Document owner incorporates feedback
### 5.3 Document Approval
1. Document owner submits final version for approval
2. Approver reviews complete document
3. Approver signs/dates document or provides approval comment
4. Quality Manager assigns effective date (minimum 7 days from approval)
5. Document added to Master Document List
### 5.4 Document Distribution
1. Quality Manager publishes approved document to repository
2. Notification sent to all affected personnel
3. Training conducted if required
4. Old version moved to archive (if revision)
### 5.5 Document Revision
1. Anyone may initiate revision request via change request form
2. Document owner evaluates need for revision
3. If approved, follows creation process with new revision number
4. Revision history table updated with change description
5. All copies of previous version removed from use
### 5.6 Periodic Review
1. All documents reviewed at least annually
2. Review verifies:
- Content remains accurate and current
- Regulatory references are up to date
- Pediatric practice standards are current
- Process remains effective
3. Review documented even if no changes made
4. Documents may be re-approved or revised as needed
### 5.7 Document Numbering Convention
- **POL-XXX**: Policies
- **SOP-DOSE-XXX**: Dosing Verification SOPs
- **SOP-COMP-XXX**: Compounding SOPs
- **SOP-CHEMO-XXX**: Chemotherapy SOPs
- **SOP-SAF-XXX**: Patient Safety SOPs
- **SOP-CS-XXX**: Controlled Substance SOPs
- **SOP-INV-XXX**: Inventory SOPs
- **SOP-GEN-XXX**: General SOPs
- **WI-XXX**: Work Instructions
- **FRM-XXX**: Forms
- **LOG-XXX**: Logs
## 6. Version Control
- Major revisions: Change whole number (1.0 → 2.0)
- Minor revisions: Change decimal (1.0 → 1.1)
- All revisions require re-approval
- Revision history maintained in document footer
## 7. Records
| Record | Location | Retention |
|--------|----------|-----------|
| Master Document List | Quality folder | Permanent |
| Obsolete documents | Archive folder | 3 years after obsolescence |
| Change requests | Quality records | 3 years |
| Review records | Quality records | 3 years |
## 8. Related Documents
- FRM-001 Document Change Request
- Master Document List
- Document templates in `/Templates`
## 9. References
- ISO 9001:2015 Section 7.5 (Documented Information)
- FDA 21 CFR Part 211.186 (Master Production and Control Records)
- State Board of Pharmacy record-keeping requirements
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA)
| Document ID | SOP-002 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy - Quality |
---
## 1. Purpose
To establish a systematic approach for identifying, investigating, and resolving quality issues in pediatric pharmacy operations, and for implementing preventive measures to minimize recurrence of pediatric medication errors and safety events.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to all quality events in pediatric pharmacy, including:
- Pediatric medication errors (actual and potential)
- Dosing calculation errors
- Compounding deviations
- Equipment failures affecting pediatric preparations
- Process non-conformances
- Patient/family complaints
- Near-miss events specific to pediatric medications
- Regulatory observations or deficiencies
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 All Pharmacy Personnel
- Report quality events immediately
- Participate in investigations
- Implement corrective actions as assigned
### 3.2 Quality Manager
- Oversees CAPA process
- Assigns investigations
- Tracks CAPA completion
- Reviews effectiveness of actions
### 3.3 Pediatric Pharmacy Manager
- Approves corrective and preventive actions
- Allocates resources for implementation
- Reviews trends in pediatric medication events
### 3.4 Investigation Team
- Conducts root cause analysis
- Develops action plans
- Implements and verifies effectiveness
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| CAPA | Corrective and Preventive Action |
| Corrective Action | Action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity |
| Preventive Action | Action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity |
| Root Cause | Fundamental reason for an event's occurrence |
| Medication Error | Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm |
| Near Miss | Event that could have resulted in harm but did not reach the patient |
| Sentinel Event | Unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical/psychological injury |
## 5. Procedure
### 5.1 Event Identification and Reporting
1. **Immediate Response**
- If patient safety is at risk, take immediate action to prevent harm
- For pediatric medication errors reaching patient, notify prescriber and document
- Notify supervisor and pharmacy manager immediately for serious events
2. **Event Documentation**
- Complete medication error report within 24 hours
- Include patient age, weight, and calculated dose
- Document all relevant facts without speculation
- Classify severity using institutional scale
- Report to external systems as required (state board, ISMP)
3. **Initial Assessment**
- Quality Manager reviews within 24 hours
- Determine if CAPA is required
- Assign severity and priority
- Initiate CAPA form
### 5.2 Investigation
1. **Team Assignment**
- Quality Manager assigns investigation team
- Include pediatric pharmacist if dosing-related
- Include compounding specialist if preparation-related
- Team leader designated
2. **Data Collection**
- Gather all relevant information
- Interview involved personnel
- Review related documentation
- Examine physical evidence (if applicable)
- Calculate what dose was intended vs. what was prepared/dispensed
3. **Root Cause Analysis**
- Use appropriate tools (5 Whys, Fishbone diagram, etc.)
- Identify all contributing factors:
- Human factors (calculation error, distraction, fatigue)
- Process factors (unclear protocols, verification gaps)
- System factors (inadequate tools, staffing issues)
- Environmental factors (interruptions, workspace design)
- Document analysis in CAPA form
- Avoid blame; focus on system improvements
### 5.3 Action Planning
1. **Develop Corrective Actions**
- Address immediate issue
- Prevent recurrence
- Consider hierarchy of controls:
- Elimination (remove the hazard)
- Substitution (replace with safer alternative)
- Engineering controls (equipment, software verification)
- Administrative controls (policies, training)
- PPE/other safeguards (alerts, forcing functions)
2. **Develop Preventive Actions**
- Identify similar risks in other processes
- Implement preventive measures
- Update procedures or protocols
3. **Action Plan Documentation**
- Assign responsibility for each action
- Set target completion dates
- Define success criteria
- Identify required resources
### 5.4 Implementation
1. Execute action plan according to timeline
2. Update SOPs, work instructions, or forms as needed
3. Communicate changes to all affected staff
4. Provide training if procedures changed
5. Document completion of each action
### 5.5 Effectiveness Check
1. **Verification** (within 30 days of implementation)
- Verify actions were implemented as planned
- Confirm staff are following new procedures
- Check for unintended consequences
2. **Validation** (30-90 days after implementation)
- Analyze data to confirm problem resolved
- Monitor for recurrence
- Review related metrics
- For pediatric medication errors, review if similar errors have occurred
3. **Documentation**
- Document effectiveness check results
- If ineffective, re-open CAPA and revise action plan
- If effective, close CAPA with Quality Manager approval
### 5.6 CAPA Closure
1. Quality Manager reviews completed CAPA
2. Verifies all actions completed
3. Confirms effectiveness demonstrated
4. Approves closure
5. Files CAPA record
### 5.7 Trending and Analysis
1. Quality Manager reviews all CAPAs quarterly
2. Identify trends:
- Types of pediatric medication errors
- Medications frequently involved
- Time of day patterns
- Staff training needs
3. Report to management and pharmacy staff
4. Initiate preventive actions for trends identified
## 6. Pediatric-Specific Considerations
- **Dosing Errors**: Analyze calculation methods, reference sources, verification processes
- **Age-Appropriate Issues**: Review if formulation, concentration, or route was suitable for patient age
- **Communication**: Consider if parent/guardian counseling could have prevented issue
- **Off-Label Use**: Review documentation and clinical justification
- **High-Alert Medications**: Ensure additional safeguards in place for pediatric use
## 7. Records
| Record | Location | Retention |
|--------|----------|-----------|
| CAPA Forms | Quality records | 5 years |
| Medication error reports | Pharmacy records | 5 years |
| Root cause analysis | CAPA file | 5 years |
| Effectiveness checks | CAPA file | 5 years |
| Trend reports | Quality records | 3 years |
## 8. Related Documents
- FRM-003 CAPA Form
- Medication Error Reporting Policy
- POL-001 Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Policy
- SOP-SAF-XXX Medication Error Prevention
## 9. References
- ISMP Guidelines for Pediatric Medication Safety
- FDA Guidance for Industry: CGMP for Drugs
- Joint Commission Sentinel Event Policy
- State Board of Pharmacy reporting requirements
- ISO 9001:2015 Section 10.2 (Nonconformity and Corrective Action)
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: Training and Competency
| Document ID | SOP-003 |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | Training and Competency |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy |
---
## 1. Purpose
To ensure all pediatric pharmacy personnel are properly trained, competent, and maintain current knowledge in pediatric pharmaceutical care, medication safety, and specialized pediatric pharmacy practices.
## 2. Scope
This procedure applies to all personnel involved in pediatric pharmacy operations, including:
- Pediatric pharmacists
- Pharmacy technicians working with pediatric medications
- Pharmacy students and residents in pediatric rotations
- Compounding personnel preparing pediatric formulations
- Quality and administrative staff
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Pharmacy Director
- Ensures adequate training resources
- Approves training program
- Reviews competency trends
- Ensures regulatory compliance
### 3.2 Training Coordinator
- Maintains training records
- Schedules training sessions
- Tracks competency assessments
- Coordinates continuing education
### 3.3 Department Managers/Preceptors
- Identifies training needs
- Provides on-the-job training
- Conducts competency assessments
- Documents training completion
### 3.4 All Personnel
- Complete required training
- Demonstrate competency
- Maintain continuing education
- Report training needs
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| Competency | Demonstrated ability to perform job functions safely and accurately |
| Initial Training | Training provided before independent practice |
| Ongoing Training | Periodic training to maintain and update skills |
| Competency Assessment | Evaluation of ability to perform specific tasks |
| Preceptor | Licensed pharmacist qualified to train and assess others |
## 5. Procedure
### 5.1 Training Needs Assessment
1. **New Hire Assessment**
- Review job description and required competencies
- Assess prior experience with pediatric pharmacy
- Identify knowledge gaps
- Develop individualized training plan
2. **Ongoing Needs**
- Annual competency reviews
- New procedures or equipment
- Quality events or errors
- Regulatory changes
- Expansion of services
### 5.2 Initial Training Program
#### 5.2.1 General Orientation (All Staff)
- Facility tour and emergency procedures
- Introduction to pediatric patient population
- Quality Management System overview
- Documentation requirements
- HIPAA and patient privacy for minors
- Medication error reporting
#### 5.2.2 Pediatric Pharmacy Fundamentals (All Clinical Staff)
- Pediatric developmental stages (neonate, infant, child, adolescent)
- Weight-based and BSA-based dosing principles
- Pediatric dosing references and resources
- Common pediatric medications and indications
- Off-label medication use in pediatrics
- Pediatric high-alert medications
- Age-appropriate counseling techniques
- Parent/guardian communication
#### 5.2.3 Dosing and Calculations (Pharmacists and Technicians)
- Dosing calculation methods (mg/kg, mg/m²)
- Maximum dose verification
- Dilution calculations for neonates
- BSA calculation methods (Mosteller, DuBois)
- Use of dosing calculators and verification tools
- Independent double-check procedures
- Common calculation errors and prevention
#### 5.2.4 Pediatric Compounding (Compounding Staff)
- USP <795> pediatric applications
- USP <797> for neonatal/pediatric sterile preparations
- Suspension preparation from solids
- Flavoring systems and palatability
- Low-concentration formulations
- Unit-dose preparation
- Stability and beyond-use dating for pediatric formulations
- Aseptic technique for small volumes
#### 5.2.5 Specialized Areas (As Applicable)
**Neonatal Pharmacy**
- Prematurity and gestational age considerations
- Neonatal dosing adjustments
- TPN compounding for neonates
- Medication administration in NICU
- Drug concentrations for neonatal use
**Pediatric Oncology**
- Chemotherapy dosing (BSA-based)
- USP <800> compliance
- Pediatric chemotherapy protocols
- Supportive care medications
- Safe handling and disposal
**Controlled Substances**
- DEA requirements for minors
- Opioid dosing in children
- Controlled substance documentation
- Prescription monitoring programs
### 5.3 Competency Assessment
#### 5.3.1 Initial Competency
Must demonstrate competency before independent practice:
**Written Assessment**
- Pediatric pharmacy knowledge test (minimum 80%)
- Dosing calculation test (100% accuracy required)
- Medication safety scenarios
**Practical Assessment**
- Dosing calculation with verification
- Prescription order processing
- Compounding technique (if applicable)
- Patient counseling simulation
- Computer system use
**Direct Observation**
- Preceptor observes minimum 20 orders/preparations
- Uses standardized competency checklist
- Documents satisfactory performance
#### 5.3.2 Ongoing Competency
Assessed annually for all staff:
**Annual Competencies**
- Dosing calculations (5-10 scenarios, 100% required)
- High-alert medication protocols
- Medication error prevention
- One specialty area relevant to role
**Triggered Competencies**
- After medication error (within 30 days)
- New equipment or technology
- New procedures or protocols
- Return from extended leave (>6 months)
### 5.4 Continuing Education
#### 5.4.1 Requirements
- Pharmacists: State board requirements + 5 hours pediatric-specific annually
- Technicians: State board requirements + 3 hours pediatric-specific annually
#### 5.4.2 Approved Activities
- Pediatric pharmacy conferences (PPAG, ASHP)
- Online CE with pediatric focus
- Journal clubs on pediatric topics
- In-service training programs
- Specialty certification preparation (BCPPS)
### 5.5 Documentation
1. **Training Records**
- Training date and topic
- Trainer name
- Training method (classroom, online, OJT)
- Completion status
2. **Competency Records**
- Date of assessment
- Assessor name
- Competency demonstrated
- Score/result
- Remediation if needed
3. **File Maintenance**
- Individual training files for each employee
- Accessible for inspections
- Updated within 30 days of training
- Retained per regulatory requirements
### 5.6 Remediation
If competency not demonstrated:
1. Identify specific deficiency
2. Provide additional training/practice
3. Re-assess within 30 days
4. Document remediation and outcome
5. Escalate to Pharmacy Director if unsuccessful after second attempt
### 5.7 Preceptor Qualification
To serve as preceptor/trainer:
- Licensed pharmacist with minimum 2 years pediatric pharmacy experience
- Demonstrated competency in area of training
- Completed preceptor training program
- Annual review of preceptor performance
## 6. Pediatric-Specific Competencies
All pediatric pharmacy staff must demonstrate:
- Accurate weight-based dosing calculations
- Recognition of age-inappropriate doses
- Identification of pediatric high-alert medications
- Appropriate use of pediatric dosing references
- Understanding of developmental considerations
- Effective parent/guardian communication
## 7. Records
| Record | Location | Retention |
|--------|----------|-----------|
| Individual training files | HR/Pharmacy | Duration of employment + 3 years |
| Competency assessments | Training files | 3 years |
| Training attendance logs | Training coordinator | 3 years |
| CE certificates | Individual files | Per state board requirements |
## 8. Related Documents
- FRM-004 Training Record
- FRM-XXX Competency Assessment Checklists
- Job Descriptions
- Annual Competency Calendar
## 9. References
- State Board of Pharmacy CE requirements
- USP <795>, <797>, <800> training requirements
- ASHP Guidelines on Pharmacy Technician Training
- PPAG Pediatric Pharmacy Practice Standards
- Joint Commission HR standards
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Standard Operating Procedure: [Title]
| Document ID | SOP-XXX |
|-------------|---------|
| Title | [Title] |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy |
---
## 1. Purpose
[State the purpose of this pediatric pharmacy procedure]
## 2. Scope
[Define the scope and applicability - specify age ranges (neonate, infant, child, adolescent) if relevant]
## 3. Responsibilities
### 3.1 Pediatric Pharmacist
- [Responsibility specific to pediatric pharmaceutical care]
- [Responsibility]
### 3.2 Pharmacy Technician (Pediatric-Trained)
- [Responsibility]
- [Responsibility]
### 3.3 [Other Role]
- [Responsibility]
- [Responsibility]
## 4. Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|------|------------|
| Neonate | Infant from birth to 28 days of age |
| Infant | Child from 29 days to 12 months of age |
| Child | Person from 1 year to 12 years of age |
| Adolescent | Person from 13 years to 18 years of age |
| Weight-based dosing | Medication dose calculated based on patient weight (mg/kg) |
| BSA-based dosing | Medication dose calculated based on body surface area (mg/m²) |
| Off-label use | Use of medication outside FDA-approved age, indication, or dosing |
| [Add other terms] | [Definition] |
## 5. Procedure
### 5.1 [Section Title]
[Procedure steps specific to pediatric pharmacy]
### 5.2 Dosing Verification (if applicable)
1. Verify patient weight and age
2. Calculate dose using appropriate formula
3. Verify dose is within age-appropriate range
4. Verify maximum dose not exceeded
5. Independent verification by second pharmacist
### 5.3 [Additional Section]
[Procedure steps]
## 6. Safety Considerations
[Pediatric-specific safety considerations, such as:]
- High-alert medication protocols
- Calculation verification requirements
- Age-appropriate formulation selection
- Dilution requirements for neonatal use
## 7. Related Documents
- [List related procedures, forms, dosing references, etc.]
- POL-001 Pediatric Pharmacy Quality Policy
- [Pediatric dosing guidelines]
## 8. References
- USP <795> Pharmaceutical Compounding - Nonsterile Preparations
- USP <797> Pharmaceutical Compounding - Sterile Preparations
- USP <800> Hazardous Drugs - Handling in Healthcare Settings
- ISMP Guidelines for Pediatric Medication Safety
- AAP/PPAG Pediatric Pharmacy Practice Guidelines
- [Facility-specific references]
- [State Board of Pharmacy regulations]
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |

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# Work Instruction: [Title]
| Document ID | WI-001 |
|-------------|--------|
| Title | [Title] |
| Revision | 1.0 |
| Effective Date | [DATE] |
| Author | [AUTHOR] |
| Approved By | [APPROVER] |
| Department | Pediatric Pharmacy |
---
## 1. Purpose
[Describe the purpose of this pediatric pharmacy work instruction]
## 2. Scope
[Define what activities this instruction covers and applicable patient populations]
## 3. Safety Precautions
- [List any safety requirements specific to pediatric preparations]
- [Personal protective equipment needed]
- [Hazards to be aware of]
- [Age-specific considerations]
## 4. Equipment/Materials Required
| Item | Specification |
|------|---------------|
| [Equipment] | [Spec - include pediatric-specific items like oral syringes, small volume supplies] |
| [Materials] | [Spec] |
| [References] | Pediatric dosing references, calculation tools |
## 5. Procedure
### Step 1: Patient Verification
- Verify patient name, age, weight
- Confirm appropriate for pediatric patient
- [Additional verification steps]
### Step 2: Calculation/Preparation
[Detailed instructions including:]
- Formula or calculation method
- Units of measurement
- Independent verification requirement
- [Additional steps]
### Step 3: [Title]
[Detailed instructions]
### Step 4: Quality Check
- Visual inspection
- Volume verification
- Label verification (patient-specific)
- Expiration dating appropriate for pediatric use
### Step 5: [Final Steps]
[Detailed instructions]
## 6. Acceptance Criteria
[Define what constitutes successful completion, including:]
- Accurate dose calculation within acceptable range
- Appropriate concentration for patient age
- Proper labeling with age-appropriate instructions
- Documentation complete
## 7. Documentation Requirements
| Record | Location | Retention |
|--------|----------|-----------|
| [Calculation worksheet] | Patient record | [Period] |
| [Compounding log] | Pharmacy records | [Period] |
| [Verification signature] | Batch record | [Period] |
## 8. References
- [Related SOPs]
- [Pediatric dosing guidelines]
- [Manufacturer specifications]
- [USP standards]
---
## Revision History
| Rev | Date | Description | Author |
|-----|------|-------------|--------|
| 1.0 | [DATE] | Initial release | [AUTHOR] |